Surgical treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection after coronary artery stenting / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To retrospectively analyze the surgical treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection after coronary artery stenting, and to explore the surgical techniques and surgical indications. Methods    Clinical data of 1 246 consecutive patients who underwent operations on Stanford type A aortic dissection from April 2016 to July 2019 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection after coronary artery stenting were enrolled. Results    Finally 19 patients were collected, including 16 males and 3 females with an average age of 54±7 years ranging from 35 to 66 years. There were 11 patients in acute phase, 15 patients with AC (DeBakey Ⅰ) type and 4 patients with AS (DeBakey Ⅱ) type. In AC type, there were 10 patients receiving Sun's surgery and 5 patients partial arch replacement. Meanwhile, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 7 patients and mitral valve replacement in 1 patient. Stents were removed from the right coronary artery in 4 patients. In this group, 1 patient died of multiple organ failure in hospital after operation combined with malperfusion of viscera. Eighteen patients recovered after treatment and were discharged from hospital. The patients were followed up for 30 (18-56) months. One patient underwent aortic pseudoaneurysm resection, one thoracic endovascular aortic repair, one emergency percutaneous coronary intervention due to left main artery stent occlusion, and one underwent femoral artery bypass due to iliac artery occlusion. Conclusion    Iatrogenic aortic dissection has a high probability of coronary artery bypass grafting at the same time in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection after coronary artery stenting. Complicated type A aortic dissection after percutaneous coronary intervention should be treated with surgery aggressively.

The influence of COVID-19 infection on treatments of patients with acute type A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the differences in outcomes of surgical strategies and prognosis of patients with acute type A aortic dissection(ATAAD) during the period of COVID-19 Omicron variant epidemic compared with the non-epidemic period.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively collected from ATAAD patients during the COVID-19 Omicron variant epidemic(December 7, 2022 to January 10, 2023) and during the non-epidemic period(December 7, 2019 to January 10, 2020) to compare the differences in surgical strategies, perioperative mortality, and perioperative complication rates in ATAAD patients during the two different periods.Results:There were 14 patients in the COVID-19 infected group and 43 patients in the control group. Patients in the infected group had a shorter mean aortic clamp time[(89.71±16.27)min vs.(110.09±28.99)min, P<0.01], a significantly higher postoperative mortality rate relative to the control group(21.43% vs. 2.33%, P=0.02), a significantly longer length of stay in the ICU(3 days vs. 2 days, P=0.04) and the duration of intubation time(34 h vs. 14 h, P<0.01), and the incidence of adverse events, mainly cerebral infarction, was higher in infected group(28.57% vs. 6.98%, P=0.03). Conclusion:During the COVID-19 Omicron variant strain epidemic, our center preferred a more conservative surgical strategy in COVID-19 infected patients. Although the COVID-19 infection increased the postoperative mortality and complication rate of ATAAD, patients still achieve a more satisfactory outcome. Therefore, surgical treatment should be timely performed for ATAAD patients.

Gender-related differences of clinical features and perioperative treatment outcomes in patients with type A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the gender differences in the clinical characteristics and perioperative outcomes of patients with type A aortic dissection in our institution.Methods:From January 2019 to January 2020, total 405 patients underwent surgical treatment for type A aortic dissection at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, including extensive aortic repair (total aortic arch replacement combined with stenting elephant trunk implantation) and limited aortic repair. In the entire cohort, male 295 cases, female 110 cases. All measures in this study were expressed as ± s or median(quartiles) and analyzed by Student t test for variables or non- parametric tests; count data were expressed as frequencies and percentages and analyzed by χ2 test and Fisher exact probability test. Independent risk factors were analyzed by logistic multivariate regression. Results:Females were older than males[(53.3 ± 12.4)years old vs. (47.1 ± 11.0)years old, P<0.001] and had significantly higher proportion of diabetes(9.1% vs. 4.1%, P=0.047) and previous cerebrovascular disease (11.8% vs. 5.8%, P=0.038). Females had a lower proportion of total aortic arch replacement combined with elephant trunk implantation (64.5% vs. 82.7%, P<0.001), while aortic cross-clamp time[168.0(144.8, 201.5) minutes vs. 190.0 (163.0, 217.0) minutes, P<0.001] and CPB time[99.0 (79.8, 118.0) min vs. 107.0 (91.0, 126.0) min, P=0.006] were significantly shorter than males. Females had significantly higher rates of pulmonary infection (14.5% vs. 5.8%, P=0.004) and stroke than males (15.5% vs. 8.1%, P=0.030). The difference in the proportion of postoperative deaths between female and male TAAD patients was not statistically significant (3.6% vs. 7.8%). Logistics multivariable regression analysis found that female was an independent risk factor for postoperative stroke ( OR=2.574, 95% CI: 1.198-5.531, P=0.015) and pulmonary infection ( OR=2.610, 95% CI: 1.180-5.772, P=0.018). Conclusion:Gender did not affect mortality after TAAD repair significantly, but females increased the risk of stroke and pulmonary infection after TAAD surgery.

Application of neoadventitia technique in root repair of acute type A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the neoadventitia technique for root repair in acute type A aortic dissection(ATAAD).Methods:From January 2019 to February 2022, a total of 94 patients with ATAAD who underwent surgical treatment in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different treatment methods for the aortic root, the patients were divided into the neoadventitia technique group(58 cases) and the Bentall group(36 cases). The perioperative data and postoperative follow-up results of the two groups were compared, and the efficacy of the new adventitia technique in acute type A aortic dissection was analyzed.Results:There were no intraoperative deaths. The 30-day mortality was 3.4% and 5.6% in the neoadventitia group and Bentall group, respectively ( P=0.636). The cardiopulmonary bypass time[(154.3±29.8)min, P<0.001] and aortic clamp time[(94.7±20.6)min, P<0.001)]were significantly shorter in the neoadventitia group, compared with the Bentall group. Aortic regurgitation was significantly improved after the operation (0.33±0.50 vs. 1.02±0.80, P<0.001). No aortic root-related secondary intervention occurred during follow-up. There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups( P=0.248). Conclusion:Neoadventitia root repair is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of ATAAD, which has good short-term and mid-term efficacy.

Midterm clinical results of Sun's procedure with median resternotomy / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical data of Sun's procedure(total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk technique) in the treatment of complex aortic arch disease after previous cardiac surgery.Methods:From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, a total of 55 patients underwent resternotomy Sun's procedure in the Aortic Surgery Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, including 41 males and 14 females, with a mean age of(45.4±12.7) years old, were retrospectively analyzed. The indications of primary cardiac surgery included type A aortic dissection, aortic root or ascending aortic aneurysm, heart valve surgery, and coronary heart disease. Indications for reoperation included residual aortic dissection larger than 55 mm in diameter, aortic aneurysm dilation, new type A aortic dissection, anastomotic leakage with symptoms, and pseudoaneurysm. All the operations were performed under general anesthesia and median resternotomy, total aortic arch replacement with the stented elephant trunk implantation and were performed by anterograde unilateral or bilateral cerebral perfusion.Results:There was no intraoperative death, and the postoperative mortality was 9.1%(5/55). The causes of death were 2 cases of low cardiac output, 1 case of respiratory failure, 1 case of cerebral complications, and 1 case of gastrointestinal bleeding. Except death, there were 2 cases of postoperative cerebral complications(2/50, 4%), 5 cases of spinal cord injury(transient paraplegia)(5/50, 10%), the median duration of ventilator use was 17 hours(14-42 h). Other postoperative complications included respiratory insufficiency requiring ventilatory support longer than 48 hours(8/50, 16%), renal insufficiency requiring temporary dialysis(2/50, 4%). The follow-up time was(25.9±11.2) months(10-47 months), during which 1 case died due to cerebral complication, 4 cases underwent total thoracoabdominal aorta replacement, and 1 case underwent anastomotic leakage repair.Conclusion:It is safe and effec to perform Sun's procedure(total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk technique) in the treatment of complex arch disease after previous cardiac surgery.

Arch-clamping technique for surgical repair of acute Type A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of arch-clamping technique in Sun’s procedure to repair acute type A aortic dissection.Methods:20 consecutive patients[17 males with mean age of (49.7±10.9)years old] with acute type A aortic dissection who underwent total arch replacement and frozen elephant trunk implantation (TAR+ FET) from May 2019 to April 2020 were divided into group with using arch-clamping technique during operation (arch-clamping group) or group without (traditional group). Circulatory arrest time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, recovery time, ventilation time, platelet count during the first 3 days postoperatively, blood loss during the first 12 h postoperatively, death, cerebral infarction and acute renal failure were compared. Patients with advanced age(age>70 years old ), or malperfusion syndrome preoperatively or who did not receiving TAR+ FET surgery were excluded from this study.Results:Circulatory arrest time[(4.1±0.6 )min vs. (17.2±2.6)min, P=0.001] and cardiopulmonary bypass time[(158.4±6.8 )min vs. (198.2±12.6)min, P=0.01] were significantly lower in arch-clamping group, compared with traditional group. Postoperative recovery time[(8.9±2.6 )h vs. (16.0±7.3)h, P=0.94] and ventilation time[(13.6±2.2)h vs. (34.1±14.3)h, P=0.18] were non significantly lower in arch-clamping group. Although postoperative platelet counts were higher in arch-clamping group during the first three days, those difference did not reach statistical significance ( P>0.05). All patients were discharged alive. There was no significant difference among the two group with respect to drainage during the first 12 h postoperatively, death, cerebral infarction and acute renal failure. Conclusion:Arch-clamping technique decrease circulatory arrest time dramatically and provide good protection of brain, coagulation and renal function by shortening ischemia time, thereby reducing postoperative complications. It is a safe and feasible innovative approach to effectively improve surgical outcome of Sun’s procedure for repair of acute type A aortic dissection.

The long-term outcomes of one-stage hybrid procedure for aortic arch pathologies / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the long-term outcomes of hybrid arch repair(HAR) treating aortic arch pathologies.Methods:Between January 2009 and January 2018, 87 consecutive patients underwent HAR for aortic arch pathologies at Beijing Anzhen Hospital. 76 were males. 2 cases were in zone 0, 46 cases were in zone 1, and 39 cases were in zone 2. The zones of the aortic arch were defined following the Ishimaru classification.Results:Five(5.7%) operative death occurred. 13 patients(19.1%) died during the follow-up. The overall survival rate was 88.4%, 83.3%, 83.3%, 49.8% at 1, 3, 5, 10 year, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional risk analysis showed that stroke( HR=20.626, 95% CI: 2.698-157.685, P=0.004) was an independent risk factor for short-term death. Stroke( HR=16.234, 95% CI: 4.103-64.229, P<0.001) and spinal cord infury( HR=11.060, 95% CI: 2.150-56.893, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for long-term death. Conclusion:In conclusion, HAR could be an alternative procedure for the patients that are not suitable for open repair under the premise of strict control of indications. In the future, the risk assessment system and uniform operational indications for HAR should be further established.

Renal artery involvement: independent risk factors of KDIGO stage 3 in acute renal injury after moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To explore whether renal artery involvement is an independent risk factor of acute renal injury (AKI) KDIGO stage 3 after moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection.Methods:From December 2015 to October 2017, 492 consecutive patients with acute Stanford A-type aortic dissection received surgical treatment, 486 of them were included in the study. All patients underwent aortic CTA to determine the extent of aortic dissection and renal artery involvement. According to the standard of Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), the renal function of patients after operation was graded. The risk factors of AKI KDIGO stage 3 were analyzed.Renal artery involvement and other risk factors were included in univariate analysis, and significant variables in univariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:In 492 patients, 40 (8.13%) died in hospital, of which 6 died of severe bleeding during operation or failed to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass which lead to unable to leave the Weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and these 6 patients were excluded in the research. Among 486 patients included in the study, 251 (51.64%) had AKI. Among them, 83 (17.08%) were in the KDIGO stage 1, 56 (11.52%) in stage 2 and 112 (23.05%) in stage 3.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in renal artery involvement, age, time from onset to operation, D-dimer, leukocytes and platelets in peripheral blood, creatinine clearance rate, time of cardiopulmonary bypass during operation and aortic cross-clamping time( P>0.05). The above risk factors were included in multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that preoperative renal artery involvement ( OR=1.94, P=0.02), age ( OR=1.03, P=0.02), creatinine clearance rate<85 ml/min ( OR=2.28, P=0.001), and intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time ( OR=1.01, P=0.02) were independent risk factors. The incidence of AKI in patients with renal artery involvement was 54.65%, significantly higher than 41.98% in patients without renal artery involvement ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Renal artery involvement is an independent risk factor of AKI KDIGO stage 3 after moderate deep hypothermic circulatory arrest of acute Stanford type A aortic dissection.

Analysis of risk factors for massive bleeding in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection undergoing moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest repair / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To study the risk factors of massive bleeding in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection undergoing moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest repair.Methods:From January 2016 to October 2017, 486 consecutive patients with acute type A aortic dissection were included in the study. All operations were performed with moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest. The basic clinical data of patients were collected retrospectively. Massive bleeding was defined according to definition of Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding(UDPB) 4 class and the Blood Conservation Using Antifibrinolytics in a Randomized Trial(BART). Significant variables in univariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:Thirty-four patients(7.00%) died in hospital. A total of one hundred and eighty-seven patients(38.48%) fulfilled criteria of the definition of BART massive bleeding. Forty-five patients(9.26%), 8 patients(1.65%), 114 patients(23.46%), 147 patients(30.25%) and 172 patients(35.39%) were in grade 0, grade 1, grade 2 and grade 4, respectively. With BART as the end point, the result of multivariate logistic regression showed that female gender( OR=3.32, P<0.001), anemia( OR=2.24, P=0.04), clearance creatine≤85 ml/min( OR=1.93, P=0.01), D-dimer level(every 500 ng/ml increase, OR=1.02, P=0.003), cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time( OR=1.01, P<0.001), total arch replacement(TAR, OR=2.40, P=0.02) were independent risk factors for massive bleeding, and the time from onset to operation( OR=0.86, P=0.01) was protective factor. With UDPB 4 class as the end point, multivariate logistic regression showed that creatinine clearance≤85 ml/min( OR=2.05, P=0.001), CPB time( OR=1.01, P=0.04) were independent risk factors for massive bleeding. The time from anset to operation( OR=0.85, P=0.002) and Bentall procedure( OR=0.65, P=0.04) were the protective factors. Conclusion:Massive bleeding was more common in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. Female gender, poor preoperative renal function, high D-dimer level, early time accepting surgical operation and long CPB were independent risk factors. For high-risk patients, simple and effective surgical methods should be taken to reduce the risk of bleeding.

Comprehensive management of aortic dissection during pregnancy / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#The aortic dissection (AD) carries high mortality which increases by 1%-2% per hour after onset in untreated patients. Fifty percent of patients will die in 48 hours, and 70%-80% patients will die in 2 weeks without treatment. Moreover, acute AD during pregnancy is a rare and much catastrophic disease with high lethality for the mother and fetus simultaneously. At present, AD is so rare that most articles are mainly small cohort studies and case reports. Therefore, we reviewed literatures in order to provide clinical reference for the comprehensive treatment of AD.

Surgical treatment strategy for traumatic aortic injury / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To summarize the surgical treatment strategy for aortic injury caused by trauma.Methods:From January 2009 to January 2018, 34 patients with TAI were treated in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. 10 had hypertension. 23 cases were males. There were 31 cases caused by traffic accidents, 2 cases were fall injuries, and 1 case was bruise. 9 cases were thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm, 6 cases were thoracic aorta, and 19 cases were aortic dissection. 29 patients underwent TEVAR and 5 patients underwent OR (2 patients with type A aortic dissection undergoing Bentall + Sun's procedure, 1 patient with type B aortic dissection and 2 patients with thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm undergoing stented elephant trunk procedure).Results:The follow-up time was (45.09±23.10) months. The mean age of patients undergoing OR or TEVAR was (44.80±20.57) years old, (45.93±11.01) years old; the mean operation time was(403.20±30.30) minutes, (105.72±27.76) minutes; the mean hospitalization (19.00±6.04), (5.76±3.08) days. There were no deaths in the two groups. 2 patients uundergoing TEVAR had left upper limb numbness.Conclusion:The treatment of patients with TAI should be based on the general condition, the classification of injury, the involving regions and anatomical features to choose different treatments. In addition, the long-term prognosis of patients remains to be determined.

The impact of preoperative dual antiplatelet therapy on early outcome of acute type A aortic dissection patients undergoing aortic surgery / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the impact of preoperative dual antiplatelet therapy on early outcome of acute type A aortic dissection(ATAAD) patients undergoing aortic surgery.@*Methods@#From December 2015 to November 2017, 45 consecutive patients with ingestion of aspirin and clopidogrel underwent aortic repair surgery at our center. 37 out of 45 patients(83%) were propensity-matched with 74 control ATAAD patients without antiplatelet therapy undergoing aortic surgery in 1∶2 fashion. Thereby, bleeding-related outcome(death, reoperation for bleeding, postoperative blood loss within 12 h ≥2 000 ml and usage of rFⅦa) and blood transfusion requirement were compared.@*Results@#Bleeding-related outcome occurred in 14(18.9%) and 9(24.3%) patients in control and antiplatelet group respectively(P=0.51). Postoperative blood loss within 12 hours was 490 ml in control group, compared to 500 ml in the antiplatelet group(P=0.85). There were no significant differences among the two groups in transfusion requirements of red blood cells, platelets and fresh frozen plasma. Multivariate regression analysis identified antiplatelet therapy as an nonsignifcant risk factor for bleeding-related outcome(OR=2.97, 95%CI: 0.87-10.21, P=0.08).@*Conclusion@#Preoperative dual antiplatelet therapy was not associated with increased risk of bleeding-related outcome and transfusion requirement, and was not a contraindication of emergent surgery for ATAAD patients.

Risk factors of renal replacement therapy after Sun's procedure for acute Stanford A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To explore the risk factors of renal replacement therapy for acute Stanford A aortic dissection patients with acute renal injury (AKI) after Sun's operation.Methods From January 2016 to October 2017,144 patients with Stanford A aortic dissection who underwent Sun's procedure were enrolled in the study.Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).Variables with statistical difference from univariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results 8 patients (5.55％)died in hospital.16 patients (11.11％) needed CRRT for AKI.5 of them (31.25％) died in hospital.Of the 11 surviving patients,5 had complete recovery of renal function within 2 weeks after operation and stopped renal replacement therapy.The remaining 6 patients recovered their renal function within 3 months and stopped renal replacement therapy.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in preoperative age,creatinine clearance,peripheral white blood cell count,D-dimer,myoglobin,double renal arteries in false lumen,aortic cross clamp time and red blood cell transfusions between the two groups.The above risk factors were included in multivariate logistic regression.The results showed that double renal arteries in false lumen (OR =24.64,P =0.002),serum creatinine clearance ＜ 85 ml/min (OR =4.99,P =0.02) and red blood cell transfusions (OR =1.17,P ＜ 0.001) were independent risk factors.Conclusion Double renal arteries in false lumen,serum creatinine clearance ＜ 85ml/min and red blood cell transfusions were independent risk factors for CRRT after Sun's procedure for acute Stanford A aortic dissection.For high-risk patients with double renal arteries in false lumen,and markedly decreased creatinine clearance before operation,red blood cell transfusions should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the risk of AKI after operation.

One-stage repair for adults aortic coarctation concomitant with cardiac diseases: ascending aorta-abdominal aorta by-pass combined with cardiac operation / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective Evaluate the surgical result of ascending aorta-abdominal aorta bypass combined with cardiac op-eration for adults aortic coarctation concomitant with cardiac diseases.Methods Between February 2009 and September 2012, total 24 consecutive patients underwent ascending aorta-abdominal aorta bypass combined with cardiac operation.Of these pa-tients, 2 patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting combined with ascending aorta-abdominal aorta by-pass did not required cardiopulmonary bypass.Other 22 patients underwent one stage repair under cardiopulmonary bypass. The mean artery pressure of upper-lower limb was(38.0 ±9.34)mmHg.Results There was no in-hospital mortality.The mean artery pressure of upper-lower limb was(11.44 ±2.59)mmHg.The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(107.27 ± 34.56) min.The mean aorta clamp time was(72.59 ±28.98)min.The mean intensive care unit stay time is(35.22 ± 50.41)h.The mean mechanical ventilation time was(19.50 ±17.64)h.2 patients required prolonged mechanical ventilation for respiratory dysfunction.Of these 2 patients, 1 patient required ECMO support for respiratory failure.Total 1 patient needed temporary continuous renal replacement therapy.No re-exploration for bleeding and gastrointestinal complications were ob-served.Aorta CTA scan was performed for all patients before discharged from hospital.The grafts were patent for all patients and no graft-related complications were observed.Conclusion Ascending aorta-abdominal aorta bypass combined with cardiac operation is a safe and effective one stage repair technique for adults aortic coarctation concomitant with cardiac diseases is a safe and effective technique.

Sun' s procedure with preservation of autologous brachiocephalic vessels for chronic type A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To summarize the clinical outcomes and surgical indications for chronic type A aortic dissection (CTAD) by using Sun's procedure with preservation of autologous brachiocephalic vessels.Methods From September 2010 to December 2013, 23 patients with CTAD underwent Sun's procedure with preservation of autologous brachiocephalic vessels under moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest combined with selective cerebral perfusion in our center .The data was collected and analysed retrospectively.There were 20 males and 3 females patients with a mean age of(49.91 ±10.05) years.Preopera-tive comorbidities included Marfan syndrome in 1 patient, isolated left vertebral artery in 1, hypertension in 19, coronary artery disease in 2, heart dysfunction in 1, renal insufficiency in 1, mitral regurgitation in 1, and pulmonary infection in 1.Previous operation history included thoracic endovascular aortic repair in 3, percutaneous coronary intervention in 1, aortic valve re-placement in 1, Bentall procedure in 1, and coronary artery bypass grafting in 1.Results The average operation time, car-diopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross clamping time and selective cerebral perfusion time was(6.43 ±1.03) h,(167.07 ± 49.62) min,(80.74 ±29.00) min, and(27.35 ±6.03) min, respectively.Concomitant procedures included Bentall proce-dure in 6 patients, ascending aorta replacement in 17, ascending aorta-femoral artery bypass in 1, mitral valvuloplasty in 1, and CABG in 1.There were 2(8.70%) in hospital deaths.Three patients suffered temporary renal dysfunction, and 1 with re-nal failure recieved continuous renal replacement therapy .Postoperative hypoxemia were found in 2 patients, and 1 of them re-ceived reintubation.These patients recovered before discharge.The mean follow-up time was(52.52 ±9.89) months with a follow-up rate of 95.23%(20/21).One patient suffered cerebral embolism but recovered soon after treatment.The others were free from any complications.Conclusion Sun's procedure with preservation of autologous brachiocephalic vessels simplified the aortic arch surgery and obtained satisfactory outcomes for suitable patients with CTAD , but surgical indications should be strictly considered.

The mid-term results of the staged total aortic replacement in Stanford type A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To explore the mid-term results of the staged total aortic replacement in Stanford type A aortic dissection.Methods During March 2009 to September 2016,a total of 49 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection in Beijing Anzhen Hospital cardiovascular center underwent total aortic replacement with a median age of 36 (27,41 years),male 36 (73.5％) cases.30 (61.2％) cases of them combined with Marfan syndrome.Results The interval between two stage operation was 23 (10,57) months.In the first stage operation,45 (91.8％) cases underwent Sun's procedure,2 (4.1％) underwent total aortic arch replacement,2 (4.1％) cases underwent classic elephant trunk and total aortic arch replacement.All patients underwent thoracoabdominal aortic repair(TAAAR).Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest surgery was 12(24.5％)cases in the second stage.7 (14.3％)cases dead postoperative.Spinal cord related complications happened in 3 (6.1％) cases with stroke in 2(4.1％) cases,acute renal insufficiency in 7(14.3 ％) cases,respiratory insufficiency in 7 cases (14.3％),re-operation for hemostasis in 3 (6.1％) cases and gastrointestinal bleeding in 3 cases(6.1％).Univariate analysis showed that the interval between two stage operation,operation time,deep hypothermic circulatory arrest surgery are risk factors for in-hospital mortality;multivariate analysis showed that deep hypothermic circulatory arrest surgery and the interval between two stage operation were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality.3 years,5 years survival rate were 94.4％ and 78.7％.Conclusion For Stanford type A dissection especially the thoracoabdominal aortic expands,staged total aortic replacement shows good mid-term results.Block stentgraft can reduce the use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrests to decrease the mortality.

Discovery of stent graft mis-deployed into false lumen during aortic dissection treatment and re-deployment / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the discovery of stent graft mis-deployed into false lumen during aortic dissection treatment and re-deployment.Methods Retrospective analysis of the data of deployment of the stent-graft into the false lumen in the initial treatment of aortic dissection between January 2013 to December 2017.Of the five cases,there were three males and two females,range from 28 to 52 year old.Two patients,suffered from acute Stanford type A aortic dissection,with aortic surgical replacement and circulatory elephant trunk technique,displayed the visceral ischemia and internal environment disorder postoperatively.An emergency CT angiography showed that the deployed stent-graft was in the false lumen.Another two cases with sub-acute Stanford type B aortic dissection underwent TEVAR.The stent-grafts were put in the false lumen intra-operatively,one patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension suffered from acute Stanford type B aortic dissection.An emergency endovascular repair was set under general anesthesia to deal with this problem.New stent-graft was utilized to correct the blood flow into true lumen via flap fenestration or secondary intimal tear.Results The successful rate of this operation was 100％.Time of surgery spanned from 45 minutes to 120 minutes,and blood loss was estimated to be from 50 ml to 100 ml.Five stent grafts were placed with 160 mm length and 6 mm taper and one was 120 mm length and 10 mm taper.Patients were observed in ICU for three days and discharged from hospital after seven days.No complications such as paraplegia,visceral ischemia,etc occurred.Postoperative aortic CTA one month later showed no complications,such as endoleak,etc.The stents were in ideal position,with fluent blood flow of aorta and major visceral artery.Conclusions Deployment of the stent-graft in the false lumen is a rare and critical complication in the treatment of aortic dissection.In addition to clinical manifestations and laboratory tests,aortic CTA could identify this complication quickly and accurately.Endovascular repair was recommended as primary treatment of choice,which could re-direct the blood flow into true lumen via flap fenestration or secondary intimal tear technology quickly and effectively.

Open stented elephant trunk procedure for the repair of complicated type B dissection with an isolated left vertebralartery / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objeetive To summarize the resuhs of the surgical management of complicated type B dissection with an iso lated left vertebral artery(ILVA) using the stented elephant trunk technique.Methods Between February 2009 and September 2016,12 patients with complicated type B dissection(acute in 7 and chronic in 5) underwent the stented elephant trunk procedure under moderate circulatory arrest with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion.11 patients were males with a mean age of(50.9 ± 6.1) years(ranged 42-59 years).Preoperative limb ischaemia was obscrved in 2 patients,renal dysfunction in 1 patient.Results There was no in-hospital death.1 patient was suffered permanent hoarseness after the surgery.The cardiopulmonary bypass time was 143.1 ± 26.3 min and selective cerebral perfusion time was (27.2 ± 11.2) min.The follow-up time was 6-92 months,mean (40.9 ± 30.6) months.1 of the ischaemia of the limb patients was ameliorated after surgical stentgraft implantation,the other 1 was ameliorated after surgical stent-graft implantation combined with a bypass of the ascending aorta to the right femoral artery.No neurological deficits were observed in any patients prior to hospital discharge.2 patients underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair and total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair respectively due to distal aortic aneurysm within the mean follow-up period.Conclusion Surgical repair of complicated type B dissection with an ILVA using the stented elephant trunk technique can obtain a satisfactory med-term clinical results.

Open stented elephant trunk procedure for the repair of complicated type B dissection with an isolated left vertebralartery / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objeetive To summarize the resuhs of the surgical management of complicated type B dissection with an iso lated left vertebral artery(ILVA) using the stented elephant trunk technique.Methods Between February 2009 and September 2016,12 patients with complicated type B dissection(acute in 7 and chronic in 5) underwent the stented elephant trunk procedure under moderate circulatory arrest with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion.11 patients were males with a mean age of(50.9 ± 6.1) years(ranged 42-59 years).Preoperative limb ischaemia was obscrved in 2 patients,renal dysfunction in 1 patient.Results There was no in-hospital death.1 patient was suffered permanent hoarseness after the surgery.The cardiopulmonary bypass time was 143.1 ± 26.3 min and selective cerebral perfusion time was (27.2 ± 11.2) min.The follow-up time was 6-92 months,mean (40.9 ± 30.6) months.1 of the ischaemia of the limb patients was ameliorated after surgical stentgraft implantation,the other 1 was ameliorated after surgical stent-graft implantation combined with a bypass of the ascending aorta to the right femoral artery.No neurological deficits were observed in any patients prior to hospital discharge.2 patients underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair and total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair respectively due to distal aortic aneurysm within the mean follow-up period.Conclusion Surgical repair of complicated type B dissection with an ILVA using the stented elephant trunk technique can obtain a satisfactory med-term clinical results.

Using the Delphi method to establish a Chinese experts' consensus of the surgical management for type A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To establish a Chinese expert consensus of the surgical management for type A aortic dissection (TAAD) by using the Delphi method.Methods A systematic review of the previously published literature related to management of TAAD at home and abroad was conducted to formulate a questionnaire of clinical consensus of the surgical treatment for TAAD.This questionnaire including seven aspects of surgical management for TAAD,namely contraindications to operative management,cannulation site,target temperature during circulation arrest,cerebral perfusion strategy,surgical procedure,distal anastomotic technique and surgical management for patients with connective tissue disease such as Marfan syndrome.From October 2015 to April 2016,we performed two rounds Delphi survey in which the current professional opinions from 55 experienced and representative cardiovascular surgeons in China,were gathered and analysed.Results The responses rates of two rounds were 80.0％ (44/55) and 77.27％ (34/44).The scores of authoritative coefficient was 0.87 and 0.83.The coefficient of concordance were 0.31 (P ＜ 0.05) and 0.32 (P ＜ 0.05).After two rounds of consultation,consensus of the surgical management for TAAD was reached on 16 items of seven aspects.Conclusion This Delphi study established an initial Chinese expert consensus concerning the surgical management for TAAD,which drew credible results and reliable conclusions.This study will helo to standardize the surgical management of TAAD in China.